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::''Not to be confused with the English naturalist Leonard Blomefield (1800–1893)'' Leonard Bloomfield (April 1, 1887 – April 18, 1949) was an American linguist who led the development of structural linguistics in the United States during the 1930s and the 1940s. His influential textbook ''Language'', published in 1933, presented a comprehensive description of American structural linguistics.〔Bloomfield, Leonard, 1933〕 He made significant contributions to Indo-European historical linguistics, the description of Austronesian languages, and description of languages of the Algonquian family. Bloomfield's approach to linguistics was characterized by its emphasis on the scientific basis of linguistics, adherence to behaviorism especially in his later work, and emphasis on formal procedures for the analysis of linguistic data. The influence of Bloomfieldian structural linguistics declined in the late 1950s and 1960s as the theory of Generative Grammar developed by Noam Chomsky came to predominate. ==Early life and education== Bloomfield was born in Chicago, Illinois on April 1, 1887 to Jewish parents. His father Sigmund Bloomfield immigrated to the United States as a child in 1868; the original family name ''Blumenfeld'' was changed to Bloomfield after their arrival.〔Depres, Leon, 1987, p. 11, Fn. 1〕 In 1896 his family moved to Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, where he attended elementary school, but returned to Chicago for secondary school.〔Hall, Robert, 1990, pp. 5-6〕 His uncle Maurice Bloomfield was a prominent linguist at Johns Hopkins University,〔Despres, Leon, 1987, p. 4〕〔Bloch, Bernard, 1949, p. 87〕 and his aunt Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler was a well-known concert pianist.〔 Bloomfield attended Harvard College from 1903 to 1906, graduating with the A.B. degree.〔 He subsequently began graduate work at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, taking courses in German and Germanic philology, in addition to courses in other Indo-European languages.〔Hall, Robert, 1990, pp. 7-8〕 A meeting with Indo-Europeanist Eduard Prokosch, a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin, convinced Bloomfield to pursue a career in linguistics.〔 In 1908 Bloomfield moved to the University of Chicago where he took courses in German and Indo-European philology with Frances A. Wood and Carl Darling Buck. His doctoral dissertation in Germanic historical linguistics was supervised by Wood, and he graduated in 1909. He undertook further studies at the University of Leipzig and the University of Göttingen in 1913 and 1914 with leading Indo-Europeanists August Leskien, Karl Brugmann, as well as Hermann Oldenberg, a specialist in Vedic Sanskrit. Bloomfield also studied at Göttingen with Sanskrit specialist Jacob Wackernagel, and considered both Wackernagel and the Sanskrit grammatical tradition of rigorous grammatical analysis associated with Pāṇini as important influences on both his historical and descriptive work.〔Hall, Robert, 1990, p. 16〕〔Rogers, David, 1987〕 Further training in Europe was a condition for promotion at the University of Illinois from Instructor to the rank of Assistant Professor.〔Hall, Robert, 1990, pp. 13-14〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonard Bloomfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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